Why Public Schooling is better than Private Schooling Essays

Why Public Schooling is better than Private Schooling Essays Why Public Schooling is better than Private Schooling Essay Why Public Schooling is better than Private Schooling Essay The post industrial period in most of the developed nations witnessed an upsurge of attacks being leveled against public schooling with private schools being hailed as the epitome of quality education.   A close analysis of the situation on the ground however does not indicate any discernible variations in the admission into public schools.   Though private enrolment may have increased over the years, public schools are still the bastion of education in the United States.   Recent research and indeed many scholars are in agreement that public schooling offers a student with a number of benefits in terms of cost, teachers’ certification, special education and a curriculum that is far reaching in addition to many others.Private schools refer to schools which do not source their facilities and finances from the government or the local authorities.   History of private schooling dates back to the colonial era when most of them were operated by the C atholic missionaries.   Such schools are different by structure and have been known to serve a select group of individuals due to the major existing differences from the mainstream.One of the core advantages of public schooling over private schooling is cost.   A comparison between the two demonstrates huge disparities.   Whereas a public college an year costs less than $6,000, private schools is well over $30,000 annually on the lower scale.   This cost could be higher than this as it depends on the prestige of the college.   Private institutions are more expensive as they charge higher tuition fees whereas public schools charge lower rate or do not charge at all.   This is the major factor that attracts most parents to public schools. One of the reasons behind this is that private schools are not supposed to receive any public funding and have to survive on a budget that is completely financed by parents through tuition fees or donations.   Public schools on the othe r hand are financed through tax revenues.   The cost is highly subsidized by the government through the taxpayers’ money.   The amount of the cost that is subsidized depends on the level of education.   Basic education is subsidized more than in the tertiary level.   Community colleges and public universities may charge some amount of tuition fee but still they cost far much lower than the private ones. Private schools on the other hand according to Gormley (45) oblige parents â€Å"to pay twice for their children’s education once for the public schools with their tax payments and again for the private school with their tuition payments†.Another factor that may drive a parent to choose public schooling is the availability of special programs.   The United States constitution broadly outlines the need for all Americans to access education as a basic right.   Such education is to be provided indiscriminately and the public schools respond accordingly t o such a quest.   The Individuals with Disabilities Act (IDEA) enacted by the congress ensures that all children have access to a â€Å"free appropriate public education which emphasizes special education and related services designed to meet their unique needs.† (Imber Geer 146).   Such a mandate is on the public schools only.   Private schools do not offer specialized education and those that do it, do so at the cost of the student.   A look at some of the private schools indicate that rarely do they have a program for students with special needs but some might have programs for gifted students in combination to the general program.   Such discrimination in education provision is likely to put off parents with a child that requires special attention.   There are private schools that specialize in special education, but it has to be noted that such schools do not run parallel programs with the general programs and such specialized attention is more expensive com pared to the one in the public schools (Benveniste 2).A look at the curriculum of public schools in the United States reveals that it is broad and provides an individual with an opportunity of learning broad subjects.   Decisions on the curriculum are made and controlled by the government with the plight of all individuals in mind.   On the other hand, private schools curriculum is structured and controlled to fit a particular view point depending on the management’s whims.   Such control and narrow view of the curriculum can be detrimental to a child’s understanding of important aspects of life.   According to Klein (48) reservations on private education have been expressed that it â€Å"will be used to inculcate the child in the parent’s preferred way of life, thereby frustrating the child’s right to open future.†Ã‚   Indeed, public schools offer students an exposure to a wide range of programs both academic and co-curricular such as arts and music. Private schools may not be able to offer such programs due to cost constraints and when they do they might be accessed discriminately on the basis of affordability (Ingraham 218).Another reason why public schooling is better than private schooling centers on teachers.   The government has outlined specific criteria for choosing and allocating qualified teachers to public schools.   Teachers in public schools must meet certain minimum qualifications and certification of training.   This ensures that students are being taught by trained professionals.   Such strict requirements are not placed upon teachers in private schools.   Such certification is not a mandatory requirement for private schools and hence professionalism may be compromised (United States Department of Labor, 229)Diversity is also another benefit that public schools have over private schools.   As afore mentioned, most private schools target a specific clique of individuals depending on the man agement’s policy.   Such distinctions may be as a result of cost, religion orientation and location.   Some private schools may have a tradition of admitting students that meet certain criteria while discriminating against the rest.   On the other hand, admission to public schools is open and any individual can be admitted regardless of race, color, creed or economic income.   Leaning through the public system hence accords an individual an opportunity to interact with people of diverse backgrounds and learn to understand the larger society better.   There is no legislation to govern the composition of private schools and hence they lack in this advantage (Bacchi 18)In deed there are numerous advantages that public schools have over private schooling.   However, there are certain benefits for private schools that have been identified.   The first one is on performance.   The major argument that dominates this topic is that private schools perform better and pa rents are likely to get a value for their money.   This however is a point that has been put into disrepute by recent findings released by the United States Education Department which claimed that indeed public schools perform well in school â€Å"when difference in students background are taken into account† (Chamberlain).   The same conclusion is reached at by Ladd (170) who does not see any â€Å"positive effects of attending private schools†, claiming further that an individuals performance can only be â€Å"explained by the characteristics of the students, not the performance of the school.†The argument also on the private schools being better because they offer smaller classes may hold some water if it indeed reflects a high academic performance.   However, it fails to recognize the above mentioned benefits of diversity. Education requires a multifaceted approach that encompasses both academic and co-curricular excellence.   Public schools have an opportunity of providing both and hence are better than private schools. In addition, as has been mentioned above, they cost less and their admission is open to all in the society as long as one meets the set general criteria.

Diabetes WA Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Diabetes WA - Research Paper Example The 360 degree marketing approaches are important. The DAGMER (Defining Advertising Goals for Measured Advertising Rules) approach tells the effective advertising must be measurable (Altstiel & Grow 2006). However, the marketing are the ongoing process and financial support is very important for these campaigns. Most of the campaigns must reach the target audiences. The basic target audiences are the people who are in the middle age, staying nearby the town and the diabetes WA centers. However, Diabetes can happen to anyone irrespective of their earning capacity and even many time juvenile diabetic patents are also seen. The major concept about the campaigns must be to create a concern about the diabetes within the minds of the diabetic patients. And for the future patients the fear of losing the happy moments with the family must be focused. It means the advertising campaigns must tell the viewers about the importance of him or her being fit and diabetes free. Media Mix: Media is th e most important factor in this case. The media is the platform which can help the campaigns to reach the mass. That is the reason the media mix is very vital. The media mix is basically the combination of the proper Medias which supports the advertising campaign efficiently (Surmanek, 1996). In this case the television and the radio are very important as they reach to the mass in a very efficient way.

Arbitration Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Arbitration - Coursework Example and Malaysia and hence the contract between them is an international contract attracting the law of international commercial arbitration. The contract envisages supply of toilet flushes by the Malaysian company to the London plumbing firm. It is clear that their contract has a clause for arbitration to be resorted to in the event of disagreement or dispute between them. On the one hand, George Ltd of London wishes to terminate the contract and Cheap Stock Corp of Malaysia maintains that George Ltd’s demand for termination is a violation of the contractual terms, on the other. This constitutes a dispute between them warranting arbitration as provided by the arbitration clause of the underlying contract. The arbitration agreement if valid will enable the arbitrators to decide whether the London firm is entitled to prematurely terminate the contract entered into with the Malaysian company by examining the terms of the underlying contract. ... The seat or legal place of the arbitration shall be [city and/or country]. The language to be used in the arbitral proceedings shall be [language]. The governing law of the contract shall be the substantive law of [jurisdiction].†3 If the parties have not chosen any institutional arbitration, UNCITRAL Arbitration rules provides for Ad hoc arbitration according to which the arbitration clause shall be as follows. Ad hoc arbitration under UNCITRAL Arbitration Rules â€Å"All and any disputes or differences arising out of or in connection with this Agreement, or the breach, termination, or invalidity thereof, shall be referred to and finally resolved by arbitration in accordance with the UNCITRAL Arbitration Rules [as at present in force/as in force at the time when arbitration proceedings are commenced] (‘the UNCITRAL Rules’).†Ã‚  4 The adhoc arbitration clause is more inclusive in that it includes even differences apart from disputes relating to â€Å"agreem ent or breach, termination or invalidity thereof.† 5 Since the parties do not appear to have chosen any institutional arbitration, Adhoc arbitration as per the UNCITRAL rules may be applied. The relevant rules in this connection stipulate â€Å"The Notice of Arbitration shall be served in accordance with Article 3 of the UNCITRAL Rules†. 6 Further, the appointment of arbitrators and their numbers (one or three) and the authority (institution) by whom to be appointed are also to be governed by the UNCITRAL Rules. The place and the seat of the arbitration such as city and/or country and language of arbitration will also be named by the authority. Validity of the arbitration agreement in the contract The contract in question contains the term ‘any disagreement or dispute between the parties

Review of Parrot in the Oven Essay Example for Free

Review of Parrot in the Oven Essay Parrot in the Oven: Mi Vida is a coming of age novel written in 1996, by Victor Martinez. The story is set in California and is told from the point-of-view of a fourteen year old, Mexican American boy. Manuel Hernandez, like many young men, struggles with identity. Manny’s life is hard. He has two older siblings and a baby sister. His mother does not work. His father is unemployed and an alcoholic. The main provider and only person in his house that can keep a steady job is his older sister. His older brother cannot hold a job long. As would be expected, Manny’s family lives in the projects. Project life brings its own problems. The Garcia boys live in Manny’s neighborhood. They constantly terrorize and beat him. Manny does not fight back. He realizes that he is outnumbered and too afraid to do anything. This could be one of the reasons Manny joins a boxing club in school, and later joins a gang. Family life is not much better for Manny. Throughout the story Manny deals with an alcoholic father and a borderline obsessive compulsive mother that have both become bitter and resentful. Manny’s brother is rarely home, but when he is he is often drunk. His older sister is resentful that she must carry the family. At one point in the story she gets pregnant and soon loses the baby. Chapter nine shines light on a key aspect of Manny’s character. As the title implies, Manny is naive. He lives in a predominantly Latino community where racial discrimination is non-existent. In this section of the book, Manny’s boss urges his daughter to invite Manny to her birthday party. She reluctantly agrees. Manny tells his brother, Nardo, about the party. Nardo and their sister try to explain to Manny that white people do not usually interact with Mexicans socially; he is most likely being used. Manny does not listen. He is in lust. Needless to say, the party ends badly. A terrible home life, hormones and identity issues lead Manny to gangs. He takes the beating, as a form of initiation, so that he can kiss a girl. He is not entirely sold on the gang culture but feels that he should hang out with the members. On his first run with Eddie, a gang member, he witnesses Eddie assault a woman and steal her purse. At that moment he recognizes that Eddie is the guy that knocked up his sister. Frozen in place, Manny realizes that gang-life is not for him. He goes home and watches his sisters sleep, knowing that although life at home is rough there is nowhere else he would rather be. Parrot in the Oven: Mi Vida exposes many aspects familiar to first- and second-generation Mexican American families. Many young minorities might be able to relate to Manny’s struggles. Even though the book deals with ugly issues like abuse, alcoholism, racism, teen pregnancy and gangs, the book also provides a space for discussion around identity, self-esteem and pride. I would definitely recommend this book to students.

Communicaton between animals and humans Essay -- essays research paper

INTRODUCTION The importance of communication between animals cannot be underestimated. Through communication, animals are able to concentrate on finding food, avoiding their enemies, mating and caring for their young. The study of communication between animals and humans is a never ending fascination and a way to learn more about ourselves. The development of human communication is what makes us exclusive to any living thing on this planet. The ways in which we communicate with one another is uniquely important in our everyday lives. Without it’s presence, the world would have no development, holding the same appearance as one million years ago. We would be lacking a sense of society and most probably be still in the Stone Age. The mystery of the development of human language constitutes how we are uniquely human from other animals. Human beings have a daily working vocabulary of 1000 words, and with our knowledge on how to use grammatical rules is what makes our sense of communication more sophisticated than any animal. Verbal communication between humans is the central, most relevant factor in a sophisticated society. People have evolved into expressive and capable members of society. The human language has been around for five thousand years and it is apparent that language has been complex long before that. The human language is quite problematic as grammar and syntax play a major role in defining language. Animals have an extremely primitive way of communicating compared to humans, and the way in which we communicate. Animals cannot verbally speak like us humans and studies verify this. HUMAN AND ANIMAL COMMUNICATION It is the existence of human communication that has made the world the place it is today. Through communication, human beings have created skyscrapers, long bridges to complicated forms of transportation. We have also had the ability to start world destruction and encourage world peace. It is through learning how to communicate with other humans for almost five thousand years that a persons way of thinking has expanded and information has been passed on from generation to generation. Without a well-advanced language system, we would not be able to function as a successful society that is constantly making advanced and technological developments. The ways in which we communicate to each ... .... Humans have also been able to build a comfortable society and work at it from generation to generation. As far as we know, animals are still using the same forms of communication as hums did 5000 years ago. There have been no signs of advances in the ways in which they live or the ways they choose to communicate. I don’t underestimate animals as I think they can be intelligent in their own little ways. In conclusion, the only means of animal communication involves a basic information transfer from the sender to the receiver. However, no animal could come close to an affective communication system like the human language. They can however convoy their needs, desires and reactions to the environment via some sophisticated signalling of their own. BIBLEOGRAPHY (1)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Harley T (1996) â€Å"The psychology of language from Data to Theory†. Psychology press publishers. (2)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ting-Toomey. S and Korzenny. F (1989) â€Å"Language, Communication, and Culture†. Sage Publications Ltd (Volume X111) (3)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Wardhaugh. R (1993) â€Å"Investigating Language†. Blackwell publishers.

Assessment for Teacher Essay

The primary purpose of assessment is for the learner to provide evidence of learning by demonstrating the understanding of content and achievement of learning outcomes. This gives an insight of their strengths and areas of development. Whereas for teacher, it provides a moment to review their assessment strategies in terms of effectiveness and facilitate progression by giving constructive feedback. It also informs the curriculum board, managers, and relevant staff to evaluate learning programmes for any improvements. Learners are assessed through various stages of learning journey by using variety of methods and strategies. They are usually assessed formatively before or during the course and summatively near or the end of it. Formative assessment provides a continuous source of information about students’ progress, improvement and problems encountered in the learning process. It could be an â€Å"Initial Assessment† to determine prior knowledge or â€Å"Diagnostic Assessment† to find areas of development and strengths. Feedback is an integral part of it. (NCFOT, 1999) said it â€Å"occurs when teachers feed information back to the students in ways that enable the student to learn better, or when students can engage in a similar, self-reflective process†(Principle 4). It has also been supported by several educationists such as Scales (2008 p. 179), Black and William (1998: 17) and Reece and Walker (2007 p. 325). Formative assessments are not graded which allows flexibility to modify and adjust the teaching practices and reflect the needs and progress of learners as well as motivating them. However, formative assessment in its purist form is seldom used (Brookhart, 1999). I feel that teachers should be given training to as â€Å"how† and â€Å"when† to employ it successfully. There are variety of methods by which students are assessed formatively such as Accreditation of prior learning (APL), Observation, Oral Questioning, Discussion, Role play, Case study, Essays, Projects, Assignments, MCQs etc. which when used in combination has proven effective in measuring a variety of complex learning outcomes (Reece and Walker, 2007, p. 326) It is useful for development of â€Å"Cognitive†, â€Å"Psychomotor† and â€Å"Affective Domains† of learning as explained in Bloom’s Taxonomy and could assess higher order skills of these domains. Some teachers are predominantly concerned with cognitive learning with some use of psychomotor skills but affective learning can be a useful tool in changing attitudes i. e. gender, culture etc. even if it’s not a requirement of a course. Summative Assessment happens at the end of the course, unit etc. and is for grading and decision purpose. It is used for informing employers, institutions etc. about learner’s overall performance. It does not however, give information about detailed abilities of learner and there is no feedback so it is debated for its complete reliability and validity. (Scales, 2008 and Rust, 2002). Learners are assessed summatively mostly by Examination, Assignments, Portfolios, and Essays. They develop the skill levels of ‘cognitive and psychomotor domains’ depending on how effectively they are set out and the type of course. ‘MCQs’ and ‘Viva’ for instance can provide better coverage of syllabus as well as assessment of deeper knowledge whereas essays does not serve the same purpose but assess higher levels of cognitive domain i. e. synthesis and evaluation. Feedback is an important element of assessment and is directly related to motivation. In order to accelerate learning process it has to be timely, positive and constructive. â€Å"Maslow’s hierarchy makes us think about the total experience†¦.. From physiological factors†¦. to relationships (do we give positive regard and development feedback? ) to self-esteem needs (‘I’m no good †¦ ’), his hierarchy provides a useful device to help us understand learning and motivation(Scales, 2008 p. 72). We need to keep records to track and monitor the progress of our learners. They are many different types of internal, external and formal and informal records. Internal records include mark books, matrix, learner progress sheets/ reviews and results of mock tests. In ESOL, we keep records of Initial interview, Initial assessment, spiky profile, ILPs, Diagnostic assessment, Formative assessment, observation reports, feedback reports, peer/self assessments and Summative assessments to assess the progress of learners and efficacy of programme and teaching. The external records include all the evidence in form of written work or internal verification to sent to external bodies i. e. exam board, auditing bodies, other educational organisations, support staff, etc.

Humes and Anscombes View on Causation - 1227 Words

In this paper I discuss both Hume’s and Anscombe’s view on causation. I begin with Hume and his regularity theory; then I move onto Anscombe where I provide a rebuttal of Hume’s regularity theory, and later I explain how Hume would respond to Anscombe’s objection to Hume’s regularity theory. Hume’s notion of causation is his regularity theory. Hume explains his regularity theory in two ways: (1) â€Å"we may define a cause to be an object, followed by another, and where all the objects similar to the first are followed by objects similar to the second† (2) â€Å"if the first object had not been, the second never had existed.† Hume defines causation in terms of natural necessity and explains natural necessity as follows: of two events, if event A†¦show more content†¦In this case Hume would argue that it is because it was event A’ and not event A, because if it were event A then event B would have happened, but b ecause event B’ happened then it must be that it was event A’. On the other hand, Anscombe disagrees with Hume, and believes that we can, and do observe causation. Anscombe uses examples of crushing, chewing, pushing, and such to illustrate that we do perceive causation. For example, if person A holds a sheet of paper in their hand, and then begins to crush the sheet of paper, and then later we see the sheet of paper crumbled; Anscombe argues that this is enough evidence to show that we do perceive causation, because we can see the causing of the sheet of paper to crumble. Another example is of person A cutting a sheet of paper; Anscombe would argue that it is evident that we observe the causing of the sheet of paper be divided. In addition, Ansombe add that we can perceive causation by tracing an effect to its cause. For example, of the cutting of a sheet of paper by person A, one can traced the effect (sheet of paper cut in half) to its cause (person A cutting the sh eet of paper). Therefore, Anscombe claims that we do perceive causation. Anscombe believes that this evidence is sufficient to prove that we not only perceive â€Å"contiguity† and â€Å"succession† of events, but the cause of events. From Hume’s regularity theory,